命令别名问题

broook

在turbolinux 10下
输入useradd,出现

[brook@tgit-hhbsd brook]$ useradd
bash: useradd: command not found

输入groupadd也一样，必须输入/usr/sbin/groupadd和/usr/sbin/useradd才行
如果使用alias，终端重新启动之后就无效了，
请问怎么样才能直接输入groupadd,useradd就能生效？
应该配置哪个文件，怎么配置？

hutigers

最初由 broook 发表
在turbolinux 10下
输入useradd,出现

[brook@tgit-hhbsd brook]$ useradd
bash: useradd: command not found

输入groupadd也一样，必须输入/usr/sbin/groupadd和/usr/sbin/useradd才行
如果使用alias，终端重新启动之后就无效了，
请问怎么样才能直接输入groupadd,useradd就能生效？
应该配置哪个文件，怎么配置？

su -
到root，别忘了，是有-的
PS：普通用户不可以useradd的。
因为没有权限。

broook

用root也一样需要输入/usr/sbin/useradd，直接在root权限下输入useradd还会报错，我想知道哪个文件是用来配置初始的命令。

hutigers

是什么样的错误呢？
把你的过程详细说一下。

或者直接把系统的输出写出来。
:thank :thank

msguang

echo一下$PATH 看有没有useradd所在的目录.
没有的话把useradd 所在的目录加到PATH中.

forfan

这是为了安全，如果你不要用su，直接用root登录的话，
就可以直接用了。
我觉得这种设置比较合理，毕竟让su和root完全等同
不是很明智的做法。

最初由 broook 发表
在turbolinux 10下
输入useradd,出现

[brook@tgit-hhbsd brook]$ useradd
bash: useradd: command not found

输入groupadd也一样，必须输入/usr/sbin/groupadd和/usr/sbin/useradd才行
如果使用alias，终端重新启动之后就无效了，
请问怎么样才能直接输入groupadd,useradd就能生效？
应该配置哪个文件，怎么配置？

hutigers

最初由 forfan 发表
这是为了安全，如果你不要用su，直接用root登录的话，
就可以直接用了。
我觉得这种设置比较合理，毕竟让su和root完全等同
不是很明智的做法。

su -
就是等同啊。

forfan

不一样的。
你可以试试，用su运行fdisk，应该运行不了，直接用root登录
就可以。
当然，这些所谓行或者不行，都可以自己设定，跟人觉得不要给
su太多权限，不安全。

最初由 hutigers 发表
su -
就是等同啊。

hutigers

最初由 forfan 发表
不一样的。
你可以试试，用su运行fdisk，应该运行不了，直接用root登录
就可以。
当然，这些所谓行或者不行，都可以自己设定，跟人觉得不要给
su太多权限，不安全。

[PHP]su和su -是不同的[/PHP]

如果你说的不能运行fdisk是指不能命令补全或者是会提示没有这个命令的话，那就是你不了解su和su -的区别了。

通常情况下，不带任何参数的su可以使你获得root权限，但是环境变量使没有改变的；su -则不同，-参数会改变环境变量，使得你获得一个如同登陆的root，因此，和真实的root是没有区别的。

参见这里
http://hegel.ittc.ukans.edu/topi ... man1/su.1.html#toc4
[PHP]NAME
su - run a shell with substitute user and group IDs
SYNOPSIS
su [-flmp] [-c command] [-s shell] [--login] [--fast] [--preserve-environment] [--command=command] [--shell=shell] [-] [--help] [--version] [user [arg...]]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of su. su allows one user to temporarily become another user. It runs a shell with the real and effective user ID, group ID, and supplemental groups of USER. If no USER is given, the default is root, the super-user. The shell run is taken from USER's password entry, or /bin/sh if none is specified there. If USER has a password, su prompts for the password unless run by a user with real user ID 0 (the super-user).

By default, su does not change the current directory. It sets the environment variables `HOME' and `SHELL' from the password entry for USER, and if USER is not the super-user, sets `USER' and `LOGNAME' to USER. By default, the shell is not a login shell.

If one or more ARGs are given, they are passed as additional arguments to the shell.

su does not handle /bin/sh or other shells specially (setting argv[0] to "-su", passing -c only to certain shells, etc.).

On systems that have syslog, su can be compiled to report failed, and optionally successful, su attempts using syslog.

This program does not support a "wheel group" that restricts who can su to super-user accounts, because that can help fascist system administrators hold unwarranted power over other users.
OPTIONS

-c COMMAND, --command=COMMAND
    Pass COMMAND, a single command line to run, to the shell with a -c option instead of starting an interactive shell.
-f, --fast
    Pass the -f option to the shell. This probably only makes sense with csh and tcsh, for which the -f option prevents reading the startup file (.cshrc). With Bourne-like shells, the -f option disables filename pattern expansion, which is not a generally desirable thing to do.
--help
    Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
-, -l, --login
    Make the shell a login shell. This means the following. Unset all environment variables except `TERM', `HOME', and `SHELL' (which are set as described above), and `USER' and `LOGNAME' (which are set, even for the super-user, as described above), and set `PATH' to a compiled-in default value. Change to USER's home directory. Prepend "-" to the shell's name, to make it read its login startup file(s).
-m, -p, --preserve-environment
    Do not change the environment variables `HOME', `USER', `LOGNAME', or `SHELL'. Run the shell given in the environment variable `SHELL' instead of USER's shell from /etc/passwd, unless the user running su is not the superuser and USER's shell is restricted. A restricted shell is one that is not listed in the file /etc/shells, or in a compiled-in list if that file does not exist. Parts of what this option does can be overridden by --login and --shell.
-s, --shell shell
    Run SHELL instead of USER's shell from /etc/passwd, unless the user running su is not the superuser and USER's shell is restricted.
--version
    Print version information on standard output then exit successfully. [/PHP]

当然，我回去也会尝试fdisk，因为单位没有linux。

forfan

你说的是对的，我指的就是不带参数的su。
我很少用带参数的su。

呵呵，搞错了。
不过最好还是限制su的使用，不安全。

最初由 hutigers 发表
[PHP]su和su -是不同的[/PHP]

如果你说的不能运行fdisk是指不能命令补全或者是会提示没有这个命令的话，那就是你不了解su和su -的区别了。

通常情况下，不带任何参数的su可以使你获得root权限，但是环境变量使没有改变的；su -则不同，-参数会改变环境变量，使得你获得一个如同登陆的root，因此，和真实的root是没有区别的。

参见这里
http://hegel.ittc.ukans.edu/topi ... man1/su.1.html#toc4
[PHP]NAME
su - run a shell with substitute user and group IDs
SYNOPSIS
su [-flmp] [-c command] [-s shell] [--login] [--fast] [--preserve-environment] [--command=command] [--shell=shell] [-] [--help] [--version] [user [arg...]]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the GNU version of su. su allows one user to temporarily become another user. It runs a shell with the real and effective user ID, group ID, and supplemental groups of USER. If no USER is given, the default is root, the super-user. The shell run is taken from USER's password entry, or /bin/sh if none is specified there. If USER has a password, su prompts for the password unless run by a user with real user ID 0 (the super-user).

By default, su does not change the current directory. It sets the environment variables `HOME' and `SHELL' from the password entry for USER, and if USER is not the super-user, sets `USER' and `LOGNAME' to USER. By default, the shell is not a login shell.

If one or more ARGs are given, they are passed as additional arguments to the shell.

su does not handle /bin/sh or other shells specially (setting argv[0] to "-su", passing -c only to certain shells, etc.).

On systems that have syslog, su can be compiled to report failed, and optionally successful, su attempts using syslog.

This program does not support a "wheel group" that restricts who can su to super-user accounts, because that can help fascist system administrators hold unwarranted power over other users.
OPTIONS

-c COMMAND, --command=COMMAND
    Pass COMMAND, a single command line to run, to the shell with a -c option instead of starting an interactive shell.
-f, --fast
    Pass the -f option to the shell. This probably only makes sense with csh and tcsh, for which the -f option prevents reading the startup file (.cshrc). With Bourne-like shells, the -f option disables filename pattern expansion, which is not a generally desirable thing to do.
--help
    Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
-, -l, --login
    Make the shell a login shell. This means the following. Unset all environment variables except `TERM', `HOME', and `SHELL' (which are set as described above), and `USER' and `LOGNAME' (which are set, even for the super-user, as described above), and set `PATH' to a compiled-in default value. Change to USER's home directory. Prepend "-" to the shell's name, to make it read its login startup file(s).
-m, -p, --preserve-environment
    Do not change the environment variables `HOME', `USER', `LOGNAME', or `SHELL'. Run the shell given in the environment variable `SHELL' instead of USER's shell from /etc/passwd, unless the user running su is not the superuser and USER's shell is restricted. A restricted shell is one that is not listed in the file /etc/shells, or in a compiled-in list if that file does not exist. Parts of what this option does can be overridden by --login and --shell.
-s, --shell shell
    Run SHELL instead of USER's shell from /etc/passwd, unless the user running su is not the superuser and USER's shell is restricted.
--version
    Print version information on standard output then exit successfully. [/PHP]

当然，我回去也会尝试fdisk，因为单位没有linux。