循环的技巧
当对字典执行循环时,可以使用 items() 方法同时提取键及其对应的值。
>>>
knights = {'gallahad': 'the pure', 'robin': 'the brave'}
for k, v in knights.items():
print(k, v)
gallahad the pure
robin the brave
在序列中循环时,用 enumerate() 函数可以同时取出位置索引和对应的值:
>>>
for i, v in enumerate(['tic', 'tac', 'toe']):
print(i, v)
0 tic
1 tac
2 toe
同时循环两个或多个序列时,用 zip() 函数可以将其内的元素一一匹配:
>>>
questions = ['name', 'quest', 'favorite color']
answers = ['lancelot', 'the holy grail', 'blue']
for q, a in zip(questions, answers):
print('What is your {0}? It is {1}.'.format(q, a))
What is your name? It is lancelot.
What is your quest? It is the holy grail.
What is your favorite color? It is blue.
为了逆向对序列进行循环,可以求出欲循环的正向序列,然后调用 reversed() 函数:
>>>
for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):
print(i)
9
7
5
3
1
按指定顺序循环序列,可以用 sorted() 函数,在不改动原序列的基础上,返回一个重新的序列:
>>>
basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']
for i in sorted(basket):
print(i)
apple
apple
banana
orange
orange
pear
使用 set() 去除序列中的重复元素。使用 sorted() 加 set() 则按排序后的顺序,循环遍历序列中的唯一元素:
>>>
basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']
for f in sorted(set(basket)):
print(f)
apple
banana
orange
pear
一般来说,在循环中修改列表的内容时,创建新列表比较简单,且安全:
>>>
import math
raw_data = [56.2, float('NaN'), 51.7, 55.3, 52.5, float('NaN'), 47.8]
filtered_data = []
for value in raw_data:
if not math.isnan(value):
filtered_data.append(value)
filtered_data
[56.2, 51.7, 55.3, 52.5, 47.8]
|