kevin老师请教DNS，帮我参考一下，提点建议，谢谢

jackson_5187 · 发表于 2004-9-29 12:07:31

下面是我配置DNS实验的实例：

[root@rhce root]# cat /etc/named.conf

// generated by named-bootconf.pl

options {

directory "/var/named";

/*

* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want


* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source

* directive below.  Previous versions of BIND always asked

* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged

* port by default.

*/

// query-source address * port 53;

};

//

// a caching only nameserver config

//

controls {

inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };

};

zone "." IN {

type hint;

file "named.ca";

};

zone "localhost" IN {

type master;

file "localhost.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {

type master;

file "named.local";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "hutek.com" IN {

type master;

file "hutek.com.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

zone "3.12.10.in-addr.arpa" IN {

type master;
file "10.12.3.1.zone";

allow-update { none; };

};

include "/etc/rndc.key";

[root@rhce root]# cat /var/named/hutek.com.zone

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA rhce.hutek.com. root.rhce.hutek.com. (

2004092800 ; Serial
3600 ; Refresh

300 ; Retry

3600000 ;Expire

3600 ) ; Minimum

IN NS rhce.hutek.com.

IN MX 10 mail.hutek.com.

localhost IN A 127.0.0.1

rhce IN A 10.12.3.1

www IN A 10.12.3.1

mail IN A 10.12.3.1

pop3 IN A 10.12.3.1

smtp IN A 10.12.3.1

@ IN A 10.12.3.1

[root@rhce root]# cat /var/named/10.12.3.1.zone

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA rhce.hutek.com. root.rhce.hutek.com. (

2004092800 ; Servial

3600 ; Refresh

300 ; Retry

3600000 ; Expire

3600 ) ; Minimum

IN NS rhce.hutek.com.

IN MX 10 rhce.hutek.com.

1 IN PTR rhce.hutek.com.

1 IN PTR www.hutek.com.

[root@rhce root]# cat /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost

10.12.3.1 rhce.hutek.com  rhce

[root@rhce root]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

  search  hutek.com
  nameserver 10.12.3.1
测试结果

[root@rhce root]# host rhce.hutek.com
Host rhce.hutek.com not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
[root@rhce root]# host rhce
Host rhce not found: 3(NXDOMAIN)
[root@rhce root]# host www
Host www not found: 3(NXDOMAIN)
[root@rhce root]# host mail
Host mail not found: 3(NXDOMAIN)
[root@rhce root]# nslookup
Note:  nslookup is deprecated and may be removed from future

releases.
Consider using the `dig' or `host' programs instead.  Run nslookup

with
the `-sil[ent]' option to prevent this message from appearing.
> host 10.12.3.75
Server:       10.12.3.1
Address:       10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find host: NXDOMAIN
> host 10.12.3.1
Server:       10.12.3.1
Address:       10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find host: NXDOMAIN
> dig 10.12.3.75
Server:       10.12.3.1
Address:       10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find dig: NXDOMAIN
> dig 10.12.3.1
Server:       10.12.3.1
Address:       10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find dig: NXDOMAIN
>

********************************************************************

***********************

[root@rhce root]# dig rhce

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> rhce
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 44051
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;rhce.                         IN    A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.                      10435 IN    SOA    A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

NSTLD.VERISI
GN-GRS.COM. 2004092801 1800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 29 11:06:05 2004
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 97

[root@rhce root]# dig 10.12.3.1

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> 10.12.3.1
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 56115
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;10.12.3.1.                   IN    A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.                      10336 IN    SOA    A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

NSTLD.VERISI
GN-GRS.COM. 2004092801 1800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 29 11:07:16 2004
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 102

[root@rhce root]# dig mail.hutek.com

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> mail.hutek.com
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 41715
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;mail.hutek.com.                      IN    A

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 29 11:08:39 2004
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 32

[root@rhce root]# dig pop3.hutek.com

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> pop3.hutek.com
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 55480
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;pop3.hutek.com.                      IN    A

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 29 11:13:15 2004
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 32

[root@rhce root]# dig smtp.hutek.com

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> smtp.hutek.com
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 35169
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;smtp.hutek.com.                      IN    A

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 29 11:15:25 2004
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 32

[root@rhce root]# dig www.hutek.com

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> www.hutek.com
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 42325
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.hutek.com.                IN    A

;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Sep 29 11:16:07 2004
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 31
****************************************************
日志档
cat /var/log/messages

user=root
Sep 29 10:53:53 rhce  9月 29 10:53:53 su(pam_unix)[1148]: session

opened for use
r root by hutekmis(uid=500)
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: starting BIND 9.2.1 -u named
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: using 1 CPU
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce  9月 29 10:58:52 named: named 启动 succeeded
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: loading configuration from

'/etc/named.conf'
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: no IPv6 interfaces found
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: listening on IPv4 interface lo,

127.0.0.1#53
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: listening on IPv4 interface eth0,

10.12.3.1#53
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: command channel listening on

127.0.0.1#953
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: zone 3.12.10.in-addr.arpa/IN: has

no NS record
s
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: zone 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN:

loaded serial 19
97022700
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: zone hutek.com/IN: has no NS

records
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: zone localhost/IN: loaded serial

42
Sep 29 10:58:52 rhce named[1202]: running
Sep 29 10:59:12 rhce named[1202]: app.c:561: unexpected error:
Sep 29 10:59:12 rhce named[1202]: isc_app_shutdown() pthread_kill:

No such proce
ss

帮我分析一下问题在哪，谢谢啦

fatfish · 发表于 2004-9-29 16:27:20

ps -eaf |grep named
看看，
好象bind都没有启动成功

kissingwolf · 发表于 2004-9-29 17:41:26

用 named-checkconf 检查/etc/named.conf
用named-checkzone 检查每个zone文件
server named restart 然后看看/var/log/message的信息！

jackson_5187 · 发表于 2004-9-30 11:51:54

你可以帮我看一下配置是否正确
顺便详细指点一下，我是刚起步啊

kissingwolf · 发表于 2004-9-30 13:34:05

你的zone文件呢？
也贴出来！

jackson_5187 · 发表于 2004-9-30 13:43:40

[root@rhce named]# cat 10.12.3.1.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA rhce.hutek.com. root.rhce.hutek.com. (
2004092800 ; Servial
3600 ; Refresh
300 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
3600 ) ; Minimum
IN NS rhce.hutek.com.
IN MX 10 mail.hutek.com.
1.3.12.10.in-addr.arpa IN PTR rhce.hutek.com.
*******************************************************************

[root@rhce named]# cat hutek.com.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA rhce.hutek.com. root.rhce.hutek.com. (
2004092800 ; Serial
3600 ; Refresh
300 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
3600 ) ; Minimum
IN NS rhce.hutek.com.
IN MX 10 mail.hutek.com.
localhost IN A 127.0.0.1
rhce IN A 10.12.3.1
mail IN A 10.12.3.1
pop3 IN A 10.12.3.1
smtp IN A 10.12.3.1
@ IN A 10.12.3.1
*******************************************************************
[root@rhce named]# cat localhost.zone
$TTL 86400
$ORIGIN localhost.
@                      1D IN SOA    @ root (
                                    42             ; serial (d. adams)
                                    3H             ; refresh
                                    15M          ; retry
                                    1W             ; expiry
                                    1D )          ; minimum

                     1D IN NS       @
                     1D IN A       127.0.0.1

是这些文件吗

kissingwolf · 发表于 2004-10-1 09:24:49

没有看出有问题！你用上面提到的两个程序查过吗？
然后server dns restart

jackson_5187 · 发表于 2004-10-10 16:29:02

kevin老师，这是我按照你的提示，重新做了一遍，怎么还是有点问题
急啊，百思不得其解，恳求指点，谢谢
**********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# ifconfig
eth0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:76:38:38:C2
      inet addr:10.12.3.1  Bcast:10.12.3.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
      UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
      RX packets:467173 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
      TX packets:312598 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
      collisions:0 txqueuelen:100
      RX bytes:66223151 (63.1 Mb)  TX bytes:53645612 (51.1 Mb)
      Interrupt:11 Base address:0x1000

lo       Link encap

ocal Loopback
      inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
      UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
      RX packets:53271 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
      TX packets:53271 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
      collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
      RX bytes:3657692 (3.4 Mb)  TX bytes:3657692 (3.4 Mb)
********************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# service iptables stop
清除所有链：  确定  ]
删除用户定义的链：  确定  ]
将内建链重设为默认的“ACCEPT”策略：  确定  ]
[root@rhce root]# chkconfig iptables off
********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
10.12.3.1    rhce.hutek.com  rhce
**********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search hutek.com
nameserver 10.12.3.1
**********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# cat /etc/named.conf
// generated by named-bootconf.pl

options {
      directory "/var/named";

};

//
// a caching only nameserver config
//
controls {
      inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };
};
zone "." IN {
      type hint;
      file "named.ca";
};

zone "localhost" IN {
      type master;
      file "localhost.zone";
      allow-update { none; };
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
      type master;
      file "named.local";
      allow-update { none; };
};
zone "hutek.com" IN {
type master;
file "hutek.com.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "3.12.10.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "10.12.3.1.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
include "/etc/rndc.key";

********************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# cat /var/named/hutek.com.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA rhce.hutek.com. root.rhce.hutek.com. (
2004092800 ; Serial
3600 ; Refresh
300 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
3600 ) ; Minimum
IN NS rhce.hutek.com.
IN MX 10 mail.hutek.com.
localhost IN A 127.0.0.1
rhce IN A 10.12.3.1
mail IN A 10.12.3.1
pop3 IN A 10.12.3.1
smtp IN A 10.12.3.1
@ IN A 10.12.3.1
********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# cat /var/named/10.12.3.1.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA rhce.hutek.com. root.rhce.hutek.com. (
2004092800 ; Servial
3600 ; Refresh
300 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
3600 ) ; Minimum
IN NS rhce.hutek.com.
IN MX 10 mail.hutek.com.
1.3.12.10.in-addr.arpa IN PTR rhce.hutek.com.
********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/named restart
停止 named：
named 已经在运行

********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# pidof named
12652
********************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# service named reload
重新载入 named：  确定  ]
********************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# ps -eaf |grep named
named 12652    1  0 11:12 ?       00:00:00 [named]
root    13289 13145  0 14:34 pts/3 00:00:00 grep named

**********************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
[root@rhce root]# named-checkzone /var/named/hutek.com.zone
usage: named-checkzone [-dqv] [-c class] zonename filename
[root@rhce root]# named-checkzone /var/named/10.12.3.1.zone
usage: named-checkzone [-dqv] [-c class] zonename filename

*********************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# server named restart
-bash: server: command not found
[root@rhce root]# service named restart
停止 named：
********************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# server dns restart
-bash: server: command not found
[root@rhce root]# service dns restart
dns: unrecognized service

**********************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# dig rhce

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> rhce
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 22605
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;rhce.                         IN    A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
.                      10800 IN    SOA    A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

NSTLD.VERISI
GN-GRS.COM. 2004100901 1800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 1723 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Sun Oct 10 14:40:00 2004
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 97
********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# host rhce.hutek.com
Host rhce.hutek.com not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
[root@rhce root]# host mail.hutek.com
Host mail.hutek.com not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
[root@rhce root]# host 10.12.3.1
Host 1.3.12.10.in-addr.arpa not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
[root@rhce root]# host hutek.com
Host hutek.com not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
*****************************************************
[root@rhce root]# host www.hutek.com.cn （这是公网）
www.hutek.com.cn has address 61.177.63.249
******************************************************
[root@rhce root]# host www.hutek.com
Host www.hutek.com not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
[root@rhce root]# host rhce.hutek.com
Host rhce.hutek.com not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
********************************************************************

[root@rhce root]# nslookup
Note:  nslookup is deprecated and may be removed from future

releases.
Consider using the `dig' or `host' programs instead.  Run nslookup

with
the `-sil[ent]' option to prevent this message from appearing.
> host 10.12.3.1
Server:       10.12.3.1
Address:       10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find host: NXDOMAIN
> dig 10.12.3.1
;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached
>

******************************************************************

[root@rhce sbin]# /usr/sbin/named-checkzone zone

/var/named/10.12.3.1.zone
zone zone/IN: has no NS records
[root@rhce sbin]# /usr/sbin/named-checkzone zone

/var/named/hutek.com.zone
zone zone/IN: has no NS records
[root@rhce sbin]# /usr/sbin/named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
[root@rhce sbin]#
[root@rhce root]# named-checkzone zone /var/named/hutek.com.zone
zone zone/IN: has no NS records
[root@rhce root]# named-checkzone zone /var/named/10.12.3.1.zone
zone zone/IN: has no NS records
[root@rhce root]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
[root@rhce root]#
***************************************************************
# cat /var/log/messages

Oct 10 13:03:52 rhce sshd(pam_unix)[13143]: session opened for user

root by (uid
=0)
Oct 10 14:27:44 rhce kernel: ip_tables: (C) 2000-2002 Netfilter core

team
Oct 10 14:27:44 rhce 10月 10 14:27:44 iptables:  succeeded
Oct 10 14:27:44 rhce last message repeated 2 times
Oct 10 14:32:51 rhce named[12652]: loading configuration from

'/etc/named.conf'
Oct 10 14:32:51 rhce named[12652]: no IPv6 interfaces found
Oct 10 14:32:51 rhce 10月 10 14:32:51 named: named reload succeeded
[root@rhce root]#

kissingwolf · 发表于 2004-10-10 22:32:12

肯定有问题!
你用的是RH 9? RH9的bind有点问题,不能restart ! 要先kill了再start ,或reload !
看看named-checkzone的man ! 你应该named-checkzone hutek.com /var/named/hutek.com.zone .
看看nslookup的man ,你的用发不对!

jackson_5187 · 发表于 2004-10-11 11:07:25

[root@rhce root]# service named start
named 已经在运行[root@rhce root]#
[root@rhce root]# service named reload
重新载入 named：确定 ]
[root@rhce root]# pidof named
1145
****************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# named-checkzone -dqv -c -NS hutek.con
/var/named/10.12.3.1.zo
ne
9.2.1 这样算编译通过吗
*****************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# named-checkzone -dqv -c -NS hutek.con
/var/named/hutek.com.zo
ne
9.2.1
*****************************************************************
[root@rhce root]# named-checkconf /etc/named.conf
[root@rhce root]#
**************************************************
[root@rhce root]# dig rhce.hutek.com

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> rhce.hutek.com
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 19399
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;rhce.hutek.com. IN A

;; Query time: 2 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Mon Oct 11 10:05:29 2004
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 32
*************************************************
[root@rhce root]# dig 10.12.3.1

; <<>> DiG 9.2.1 <<>> 10.12.3.1
;; global options: printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NXDOMAIN, id: 9659
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;10.12.3.1. IN A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
. 10800 IN SOA A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

NSTLD.VERISI
GN-GRS.COM. 2004101001 1800 900 604800 86400

;; Query time: 1800 msec
;; SERVER: 10.12.3.1#53(10.12.3.1)
;; WHEN: Mon Oct 11 10:05:47 2004
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 102
*************************************************
[root@rhce root]# host rhce
Host rhce not found: 3(NXDOMAIN)
[root@rhce root]# host rhce.hutek.com
Host rhce.hutek.com not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
[root@rhce root]# host 10.12.3.1
Host 1.3.12.10.in-addr.arpa not found: 2(SERVFAIL)
********************************************************
nslookup不是这样用吗？指点一下

[root@rhce root]# nslookup
Note: nslookup is deprecated and may be removed from future

releases.
Consider using the `dig' or `host' programs instead. Run nslookup

with
the `-sil[ent]' option to prevent this message from appearing.
> dig rhce.hutek.com
Server: 10.12.3.1
Address: 10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find dig: NXDOMAIN //这是啥意思啊
> dig rhce
Server: 10.12.3.1
Address: 10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find dig: NXDOMAIN
> dig 10.12.3.1
Server: 10.12.3.1
Address: 10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find dig: NXDOMAIN
> host rhce
Server: 10.12.3.1
Address: 10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find host: NXDOMAIN
> host rhce.hutek.com
Server: 10.12.3.1
Address: 10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find host: NXDOMAIN
> host 10.12.3.1
Server: 10.12.3.1
Address: 10.12.3.1#53

** server can't find host: NXDOMAIN
>
****************************************************************
[root@rhce root]#cat /var/log/messages

Oct 11 10:02:24 rhce sshd(pam_unix)[1626]: session opened for user root by (uid=
0)
Oct 11 10:03:03 rhce named[1145]: loading configuration from '/etc/named.conf'
Oct 11 10:03:03 rhce named[1145]: no IPv6 interfaces found
Oct 11 10:03:03 rhce 10月 11 10:03:03 named: named reload succeeded

no IPv6 interfaces found // 这又是啥意思啊

这里的信息啊，配置DNS的日志档
信息够多吧，呵呵

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kevin老师请教DNS，帮我参考一下，提点建议，谢谢

kevin老师，DNS还是不行啊

是不是这个啊

DNS帮帮忙，有点郁闷，呵呵

kevin老师，我是用的redhat 9 ,这样编译算通过吗