将Arch GNU/Linux 安装到磁盘文件(loop)

axlrose · 发表于 2011-3-18 10:26:05

/lib/initcpio/hooks/automount

用mount -t ntfs的话会提示找不到设置,所以换成 mount.ntfs-3g来挂载ntfs

run_hook ()
{
# 启动参数指定 real_root=loop=/dev/sda1 loopfile=Arch/archlive.disk
echo "run automount hook begin"
case ${real_root} in loop\=*)
loop=${real_root/loop=}
echo "loop=${loop}"
echo "loopfile=${loopfile}"
echo "HOST=${HOST}"
echo "UNION=$UNION"
if [ -e $loop ]; then
fstype=$(blkid -u filesystem -o value -s TYPE -p "${loop}")
if [ "${readwrite}" = "no" ]; then rwopt="ro"; else rwopt="rw"; fi
if [ "$fstype" = "ntfs" ] ; then
echo "mount.ntfs-3g -o $rwopt $loop $HOST"
mount.ntfs-3g -o $rwopt $loop $HOST
else
echo "mount -t $fstype -o $rwopt $loop $HOST"
mount -t $fstype -o $rwopt $loop $HOST
fi
if [ -f $HOST/$loopfile ]; then
loopfile="$HOST/$loopfile"
fstype=$(blkid -u filesystem -o value -s TYPE -p "${loopfile}")
if [ "${fstype}" = "squashfs" ]; then rwopt="ro"; fi
echo "mount -t $fstype -o loop,$rwopt $loopfile $UNION"
mount -t $fstype -o loop,$rwopt $loopfile $UNION
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
echo "mkdir -p $UNION$HOST"
mkdir -p $UNION$HOST
echo "mkdir -p $UNION$loop"
mkdir -p $UNION$loop
echo "mount -o bind $HOST $UNION$loop"
mount -o bind $HOST $UNION$loop
MOUNTED=1
else
echo " mount -t $fstype -o loop,$rwopt $loopfile $UNION error"
fi
else
echo "$HOST/$loopfile is not file"
fi
else
echo "${loop} not exist!"
fi
;;
esac
echo "run automount hook end"
}

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/lib/initcpio/hooks/automount

install ()
{
add_device /lib/udev/devices/loop0 b 7 0
BINARIES="blkid mount.ntfs-3g"
FILES=""
SCRIPT="automount"
}
help ()
{
cat<<HELPEOF
This hook auto mount the root device base on cmdline.
Can support:
1. Boot from normal harddisk or USB disk;
2. Boot from CD-ROM or DVD-ROM;
3. Boot from loop device file (made by dd or other tools);
4. Boot from squashfs files;
...
HELPEOF
}

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grub2 的引导参数

menuentry "Arch i686 (on loop 虚拟盘C盘)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod reiserfs
insmod loopback
#loopback loop0 (hd0,msdos9)/Arch/Arch-i686.img
loopback loop0 (hd0,1)/Arch/Arch-i686.img
set root=(loop0)
linux /boot/vmlinuz26 real_root=loop=/dev/sda1 loopfile=Arch/Arch-i686.img quiet
initrd /boot/kernel26-fallback.img
}

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/lib/initcpio/init中
之前没有加上 mkdir -p $UNION 所以没挂成功

init 中设置
export HOST="/host"
export UNION="/new_root"
mkdir -p $HOST
mkdir -p $UNION
# 挂载根成功后 MOUNTED=1
export MOUNTED="0"
# 如果hook已经完成root 则跳过Arch 默认的root侦测
if [ "$MOUNTED" = "0" ]; then ${mount_handler} $UNION; fi

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$ diff /lib/initcpio/init /tmp/img/lib/initcpio/init -u
--- /lib/initcpio/init 2011-02-23 05:49:05.000000000 +0800
+++ /tmp/img/lib/initcpio/init 2011-03-18 11:27:16.000000000 +0800
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@
export init=""
echo "/sbin/modprobe" > /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe
+export HOST="/host"
+export UNION="/new_root"
+mkdir -p $HOST
+mkdir -p $UNION
+
# set default mount handler
mount_handler="default_mount_handler"
@@ -120,8 +125,9 @@
fi
# Mount root at /new_root
-mkdir -p /new_root
-${mount_handler} /new_root
+#mkdir -p /new_root
+#${mount_handler} /new_root
+if [ "$MOUNTED" = "0" ]; then ${mount_handler} $UNION; fi
[ -z "${init}" ] && init="/sbin/init"
if [ "$(stat -c %D /)" = "$(stat -c %D /new_root)" ]; then

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以上设置在vfat, ntfs 下测试成功,使用grub2和 grub24dos 下都能引导

等老焦发布个官方模块方式的

alpha.gu · 发表于 2011-3-18 11:10:46

用了楼上的脚本，Boot到将镜像文件mount到/new_root后就无动作了，不知道是什么原因。

axlrose · 发表于 2011-3-18 12:38:40

分享一下刚折腾grub2自动搜索并将分区参数传递给kernel的方法
以下用到的是label, 因为看了grub2源代码发现有个probe的命令很强悍
probe支持uuid, label方式,我用的是label,因为试了uuid结果取的值是16进制的小写,
当引导后进入linux检测 /dev/disk/by-uuid/时,是大写的16进制,引导失败
如果全转为大写的话,有的分区又是用的小写,有搞定的高手别忘了分享一下
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ 就出来了,不知道linux是用什么方式来处理的

menuentry "Arch i686 (on loop 自动搜索方式)" {
insmod part_msdos
insmod reiserfs
insmod loopback
#set img_label=winxp #固定label时使用,此处屏蔽
set img_file=Arch/Arch-i686.img
search --file --no-floppy --set=img_root /$img_file #搜索指定文件
#search --label --no-floppy --set=img_root $img_label #固定label方式
#loopback loop0 (hd0,msdos9)/$img_file
probe $img_root -l --set=img_label #探测label ,目标label 不能有中文等无法识别的字符
#probe $img_root -u --set=img_root_uuid #探测uuid 但测试发现因为大小写问题导致linux的by-uuid值不匹配
loopback loop0 ($img_root)/$img_file
set root=(loop0)
linux /boot/vmlinuz26 real_root=loop=/dev/disk/by-label/$img_label loopfile=$img_file quiet
#linux /boot/vmlinuz26 real_root=loop=/dev/disk/by-uuid/$img_root_uuid loopfile=$img_file quiet
initrd /boot/kernel26-fallback.img
}

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楼上,我检测出来少了new_root目录,是通过ls , echo 输出信息来找到的,你也可以试试,相信就是少了个目录之类的小问题

alpha.gu · 发表于 2011-3-18 12:46:23

参具体点说吗？手工操作的话，要怎么做？
我参考过Wubi的Ubuntu，它的/host是建立在目录树顶层的。
我要在Arch的这个镜像里建立/host/new_root？

carbonjiao · 发表于 2011-3-18 13:07:30

Post by axlrose;2131400
分享一下刚折腾grub2自动搜索并将分区参数传递给kernel的方法
以下用到的是label, 因为看了grub2源代码发现有个probe的命令很强悍
probe支持uuid, label方式,我用的是label,因为试了uuid结果取的值是16进制的小写,
当引导后进入linux检测 /dev/disk/by-uuid/时,是大写的16进制,引导失败
如果全转为大写的话,有的分区又是用的小写,有搞定的高手别忘了分享一下
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/ 就出来了,不知道linux是用什么方式来处理的

适合uuid的 hooks/automount

run_hook ()
{
# 启动参数指定 real_root=loop=/dev/sda1 loopfile=Arch/archlive.disk
# 或者指定 real_root=loop=/dev/disk/by-label/C loopfile=Arch/archlive.disk (label有中文得时候会出错)
# 或者指定 real_root=loop=/dev/disk/by-uuid/047C-F52A loopfile=Arch/archlive.disk
# 上面的例子中"sda1" "C" "047C-F52A" 根据具体情况对应替代，或者用*花建议得grub2自动探测
echo "run automount hook begin"
# 保险点，根据Arch目前风格，再检测、创建目录
if [ "x$HOST" = "x" ]; then HOST="/host"; fi
if [ -d $HOST ]; then mkdir -p $HOST; fi
if [ "x$UNION" = "x" ]; then UNION="/new_root"; fi
if [ -d $UNION ]; then mkdir -p $UNION; fi
case ${real_root} in loop\=*)
loop=${real_root/loop=}
echo "loop=${loop} loopfile=${loopfile} HOST=${HOST} UNION=$UNION"
case $loop in *by-uuid*)
if [ ! -e $loop ]; then
loop_lowercase="$(dirname $loop)/$(echo $(basename $loop) | tr [:upper:] [:lower:])"
loop_uppercase="$(dirname $loop)/$(echo $(basename $loop) | tr [:lower:] [:upper:])"
if [ -e ${loop_lowercase} ]; then
loop="${loop_lowercase}"
elif [ -e ${loop_uppercase} ]; then
loop="${loop_uppercase}"
fi
fi
;;
esac
if [ -e $loop ]; then
fstype=$(blkid -u filesystem -o value -s TYPE -p "${loop}")
if [ "${readwrite}" = "no" ]; then rwopt="ro"; else rwopt="rw"; fi
if [ "$fstype" = "ntfs" ] ; then
echo "mount.ntfs-3g -o $rwopt $loop $HOST"
mount.ntfs-3g -o $rwopt $loop $HOST
else
echo "mount -t $fstype -o $rwopt $loop $HOST"
mount -t $fstype -o $rwopt $loop $HOST
fi
if [ -f $HOST/$loopfile ]; then
loopfile="$HOST/$loopfile"
fstype=$(blkid -u filesystem -o value -s TYPE -p "${loopfile}")
if [ "${fstype}" = "squashfs" ]; then rwopt="ro"; fi
echo "mount -t $fstype -o loop,$rwopt $loopfile $UNION"
mount -t $fstype -o loop,$rwopt $loopfile $UNION
if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
echo "mkdir -p $UNION$HOST"
mkdir -p $UNION$HOST
# 将存放loop的分区挂载到目标系统的/host目录下，跟wubi的处理方式相同
echo "mount -o bind $HOST $UNION$HOST"
mount -o bind $HOST $UNION$HOST
MOUNTED=1
else
echo " mount -t $fstype -o loop,$rwopt $loopfile $UNION error"
fi
else
echo "$HOST/$loopfile is not file"
fi
else
echo "${loop} not exist!"
fi
;;
esac
echo "run automount hook end"
}

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carbonjiao · 发表于 2011-3-18 13:09:44

Post by alpha.gu;2131401
参具体点说吗？手工操作的话，要怎么做？
我参考过Wubi的Ubuntu，它的/host是建立在目录树顶层的。
我要在Arch的这个镜像里建立/host/new_root？

之前我得疏忽漏了一句

mkdir -p $UNION

导致挂载 loop 时候出错现在修改了， init文件类似如下：

/lib/initcpio/init

#!/bin/busybox ash
# Clean input/output
exec > /dev/console </dev/console 2>&1
# Install busybox's applets as symlinks
/bin/busybox --install -s
. /init_functions
msg ":: Loading Initramfs"
/bin/mount -t proc proc /proc -o nosuid,noexec,nodev
/bin/mount -t sysfs sys /sys -o nosuid,noexec,nodev
mount -o remount,rw / >/dev/null 2>&1
if grep -q devtmpfs /proc/filesystems 2>/dev/null; then
/bin/mount -n -t devtmpfs udev /dev -o mode=0755,size=10M,nosuid
else
/bin/mount -n -t tmpfs udev /dev -o mode=0755,size=10M,nosuid
# We don't have devtmpfs, so add the most important standard devices
/bin/mknod /dev/null c 1 3
/bin/mknod /dev/zero c 1 5
/bin/mknod /dev/console c 5 1
# /dev/mem is needed if we want to load uvesafb before triggering uevents
/bin/mknod /dev/mem c 1 1
fi
read CMDLINE </proc/cmdline
export CMDLINE
export root=""
export init=""
echo "/sbin/modprobe" > /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe
export HOST="/host"
# Mount root at $UNION
export UNION="/new_root"
mkdir -p $UNION
mkdir -p $HOST
# 挂载根成功后 MOUNTED=1
export MOUNTED="0"
# set default mount handler
mount_handler="default_mount_handler"
# if available, start udevd at this stage
if [ -x /sbin/udevd ]; then
msg ":: Starting udevd..."
echo > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
/sbin/udevd --daemon --resolve-names=never
export udevd_running=1
msg "done."
else
export udevd_running=0
fi
for cmd in ${CMDLINE}; do
case "${cmd}" in
\#*) break ;; # ignore everything after a # in the commandline
# The kernel passes those to the kernel on its own
[0123456Ss]) ;;
[0-9]*) ;;
single) ;;
rw) readwrite="yes" ;;
ro) readwrite="no" ;;
# only export stuff that does work with ash :)
*=*) rhs="$(echo "${cmd}" | cut -d= -f2-)"
cmd="$(echo "${cmd}" | cut -d= -f1 | sed 's|\.|_|g')"
cmd="$(echo "${cmd}" | sed 's|-|_|g')=${rhs}"
(echo "${cmd}" | grep -qe '^[0-9]') || export "${cmd}"
;;
*) cmd="$(echo "${cmd}" | sed 's|\.|_|g')"
cmd="$(echo "${cmd}" | sed 's|-|_|g')"
(echo "${cmd}" | grep -qe '^[0-9]') || export "${cmd}=y"
;;
esac
done
if [ -n "${disablehooks}" ]; then
for d in $(echo "${disablehooks}" | sed 's|,| |g'); do
export "hook_${d}=disabled"
done
fi
if [ -n "${disablemodules}" ]; then
for d in $(echo "${disablemodules}" | sed 's|,| |g'); do
export "mod_${d}=disabled"
done
fi
if [ -n "${earlymodules}" ]; then
for m in $(echo "${earlymodules}" | sed 's|,| |g'); do
/sbin/modprobe -q ${m} > /dev/null 2>&1
done
fi
. /config
for m in ${MODULES}; do
TST=""
eval "TST=\$mod_${m}"
if [ "${TST}" != "disabled" ]; then
/sbin/modprobe -q ${m} > /dev/null 2>&1
fi
done
# If rootdelay is empty or not a non-negative integer, set it to 10
if [ -z "${rootdelay}" ] || ! [ "${rootdelay}" -ge 0 ]; then
export rootdelay=10
fi
if [ -e "/hooks" ]; then
for h in ${HOOKS}; do
TST=""
eval "TST=\$hook_${h}"
if [ "${TST}" != "disabled" ]; then
run_hook () { msg "${h}: no run function defined"; }
if [ -e "/hooks/${h}" ]; then
. /hooks/${h}
msg ":: Running Hook [${h}]"
run_hook
fi
fi
done
fi
if [ "${break}" = "y" ]; then
echo ":: Break requested, type 'exit' to resume operation"
launch_interactive_shell
fi
if [ -f "/message" ]; then
msg "$(cat /message)"
fi
if [ "$MOUNTED" = "0" ]; then
${mount_handler} $UNION
fi
[ -z "${init}" ] && init="/sbin/init"
if [ "$(stat -c %D /)" = "$(stat -c %D /new_root)" ]; then
# Nothing got mounted on /new_root. This is the end, we don't know what to do anymore
# We fall back into a shell, but the shell has now PID 1
# This way, manual recovery is still possible.
err "Failed to mount the real root device."
echo "Bailing out, you are on your own. Good luck."
echo
launch_interactive_shell --exec
elif [ ! -x "/new_root${init}" ]; then
# Successfully mounted /new_root, but ${init} is missing
# The same logic as above applies
err "Root device mounted successfully, but ${init} does not exist."
echo "Bailing out, you are on your own. Good luck."
echo
launch_interactive_shell --exec
fi
#Special handling if udev is running
udevpid=$(/bin/pidof udevd)
if [ -n "${udevpid}" ]; then
# Settle pending uevents, then kill udev
/sbin/udevadm settle
/bin/kill ${udevpid} > /dev/null 2>&1
while /bin/pidof udevd >/dev/null; do
sleep 0.1
done
fi
mount --move /proc /new_root/proc
mount --move /sys /new_root/sys
mount --move /dev /new_root/dev
exec /sbin/switch_root -c /dev/console /new_root ${init} "$@"

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axlrose · 发表于 2011-3-18 13:42:46

hooks中的脚本有一处疑问,

mount -o bind $HOST $UNION$loop

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是否为笔误
是不是应该为

mount -o bind $HOST $UNION$HOST

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因为wubi上看到通过 /$HOST 可以访问到该分区的

carbonjiao · 发表于 2011-3-18 13:55:49

Post by axlrose;2131413
hooks中的脚本有一处疑问,
mount -o bind $HOST $UNION$loop
复制代码
是否为笔误
是不是应该为

mount -o bind $HOST $UNION$HOST
复制代码
因为wubi上看到通过 /$HOST 可以访问到该分区的

放loop的分区挂载到目标系统的哪个目录下无一定之规，
我最开始的想法是， loop放在/dev/sda1 则挂载到目标系统的 /sda1 下

鉴于木仓花axlrose的建议，使用wubi的处理方式，挂载到目标系统的 /host下

carbonjiao · 发表于 2011-3-18 14:40:58

刚才跟木仓花又讨论了下，这个还蛮有搞头得，嘎嘎。。。

1. 加密loop，保证数据安全;
2. 将loop放在U盘（任意fat ntfs分区，随便跑。。。）;
3. 加强automount，系统部分采用sqfs loop 只读挂载，数据等其它loop可写挂载。。。

。。。

我cao bbs.archlinux.org Installation 版的一个liao 管理员还说我这个完全无意义。。。还删贴（要我发到wiki，我说这个太简陋了，先讨论，完善下再发wiki。。。）

可能还是mailling list 中讨论好点。。。

axlrose · 发表于 2011-3-18 15:05:25

中文maillist实在没搞头啊
俺英文太烂了,要不然的话到官方maillist去讨论,我想是有搞头的
让老外也一起来完善一下,说不定有兴趣的人把wubi给弄到archlinux上去,更方便了

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