强烈请求英语好的兄弟帮忙

tyfrlj

正在翻译GFDL，请大家指正

GNU 自由文档许可证 (GFDL)
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GNU 自由文档许可证
版本 1.2, 2002年11月


版权所有 (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
允许每个人复制和发布这一许可证原始文档的副本，但绝对不允许对它进行任何修改。

声明

This is an unofficial translation of the GNU Free Documentation License into Chinese. It was not published by the Free Software Foundation, and does not legally state the distribution terms for software that uses the GNU FDL--only the original English text of the GNU FDL does that. However, we hope that this translation will help Chinese speakers understand the GNU FDL better.
这不是 GNU 自由文档许可证的正式中文翻译。它不是由自由软件基金会发布的，在法律上不代表使用 GNU FDL 发布的软件的术语，──只有 GNU FDL 的原始英文描述才具有这样的效力。但是我们希望此翻译能帮助说中文的人更好地理解 GNU FDL 。

0. 导言

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
本许可证着意于保证手册、教程或其他功能、用途的文档的自由: 以确保任何人不管在商业领域还是非商业领域都可以复制和(修改或没有修改并)重新发布这些文档的自由。其次，本许可证保护文档作者和发布者由他们的工作获得的信誉不会因他人对其文档的修改而受损。

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
本许可证是一种"copyleft"，其含义为:文档的派生产物必须与原文档同样是自由的。本文档是 GNU 通用公共许可证(为自由软件设计的一种copyleft许可证)的补充。

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
我们设计本许可证供自由软件的手册使用，因为自由软件需要自由文档：一个自由的程序附带的手册当然要享有与该软件同等的自由。不过本许可证并不仅限于对程序的手册使用，所有的文档作品都可以使用本许可证。我们鼓励那些指导性质或参考书性质的文档作品使用本许可证。

1. 适用范围和约定

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
本许可证适用于任何媒体上的任何手册或其他文档，文档版权所有者只需在文档中声明使用本许可证的条款发布。这个声明允许在下列情况下(在世界范围、免版税、无时限地)使用该作品。以下的“文档”都是指此类(使用GFDL的)手册或作品。公众的任何一个人都是本许可证的许可对象，这里将用“你”来称呼。如果你复制、修改或发布了这些(某种意义上也可以说是在版权法保护下的)文档，就表明你已经接受了本许可证。

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
文档的“Modified Version(修改版)”是指任何包含全部或部分文档的作品，不论是照搬照抄还是经过加工修改或是翻译成其他语言。

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
“Secondary Section(附属章节)”是指定的附录或文档的前序部分，专门描述有关文档主题的文档出版者或作者的相关信息 (或对一些相关情况进行说明)并且包含文档主体中不会直接提及的内容。 (如果文档是数学教材的一部分，附属章节或许连一点数学都不会提到。) 这些相关信息可以是与主题有关的历史关联、相关事物或者相关的法律、商业、哲理、道德或政治立场。

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
“Invariant Sections(固定章节)”是某些指定了标题的附属章节，固定章节做为文档的一部分也象声明提到的那样，在本许可证的保护下发布。如果某章节不符合上面关于附属章节的定义，那它就不能被称为固定章节。文档可以没有固定章节。如果看不出文档中有什么固定章节，那就是没有了。

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
“Cover Texts(封皮文字)”是那些简短的小段文字列，就象封面或封底的文字。封皮文字做为文档的一部分也象声明提到的那样，在本许可证的保护下发布。封面文字一般最多5个词语，封底文字一般最多25个词语。

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
文档的“Transparent(透明，此处理解为 兼容)”副本是指可用计算机处理的副本，表现为其格式符合一般通用规范，这样就适于直接用通用文本编辑器或通用绘画程序(对由像素构成的图像)或那些被广泛应用的图像编辑器(来绘图)修改文档，并且其格式适于输入文本格式器或可转换为适于输入文本格式器的兼容格式。如果某副本(不论有没有标注)为反对或防止读者的后续修正而采用其他格式，那么就是不兼容的。如果图片格式的使用有任何实质性专利条文的限制，那么该图片格式就是不兼容的。文档副本的不“Transparent”我们称为“Opaque(不透明，此处理解为 不兼容)”。

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
文档副本适用的兼容格式包括没有标注的纯ASCII码、Texinfo格式、LaTeX格式、 SGML格式或XML格式这些公认有效文件(格式)类型定义，还有标准兼容的精简HTML、PostScript或PDF这些便于编辑的格式。图片适用的兼容格式包括PNG、XCF和JPG。不兼容格式包括用专有文档处理器才能阅读编辑的专有格式、使用非公认的文件格式定义和/或使用非公认的处理工具的SGML格式或XML格式，还有那些机器生成的HTML及某些文档处理器产生的PostScript或PDF等只用于输出的格式。

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
“Title Page(扉页)”是指刊印成册的书的扉页本身及附加下列有必要明显地保留的页面：本许可证要求在扉页出现的材料。象那些版式中没有扉页的作品，“Title Page”是指在作品正文之前最显著的标题附近的文字。

俺英语很差，翻译的不对之处请各位指正。主要内容中英对照。不断更新。

tyfrlj

翻译还未完成。

An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text.

这句话我不能理解，兄弟们帮我看看啊

chaisave

最初由 tyfrlj 发表
翻译还未完成。

An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text.

这句话我不能理解，兄弟们帮我看看啊

如果以某种图像格式来表示较大篇幅的文本，那么这也是不兼容的。

这不是 GNU 自由文档许可证的正式中文翻译。不是由自由软件基金会发布的，在法律上不代表使用 GNU FDL 许可证的软件的发布术语，──只有 GNU FDL 的原始英文描述才具有这样的效力。但是我们希望此翻译能帮助说中文的人更好地理解 GNU FDL 。

它不是由

本许可证适用于任何媒体上的任何手册或其他文档

媒体和介质，“媒体”让人感觉只限于电视、广播、电影和书报之类。

总觉得“覆盖性文字”太变扭。改成“封皮文字”如何？

"Transparent"译成“直接”会好些么？

lonecat

我怎么觉得这个东西好象有人翻译过啊

tyfrlj

发现 substantial 有专利的含义

感觉引号里的一些内容还是不直接翻译好，我将其换成在括号内译注。

chaisave兄看的很仔细啊，谢谢，我再斟酌斟酌

tyfrlj

网络做为一种正式媒体的地位我们国家早已经明确承认了。

总觉得“覆盖性文字”太变扭。改成“封皮文字”如何？

这个建议好，我也正觉得别扭
Transparent在这里还是理解为兼容要准确一些吧？

我怎么觉得这个东西好象有人翻译过啊

能告诉我地址吗？

tyfrlj

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
“Title Page(扉页)”是指刊印成册的书的扉页本身及附加下列有必要明显地保留的页面：本许可证要求在扉页出现的材料。象那些版式中没有扉页的作品，“Title Page”是指在作品正文之前最显著的标题附近的文字。

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "reserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
章节“Entitled XYZ(题为XYZ)”意为文档某指定片断标题恰为或包含XYZ，下文括号中用不同的术语解释XYZ。(这里的XYZ代指下面提及的特殊章节的名称，例如：鸣谢、贡献、认证、历史。) 当你修改文档时，对此类章节要“Preserve the Title(保护标题)”，就是说，要依据这里的定义保留该章节题为XYZ。

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.
文档可能会在声明本许可证适用于该文档的通告后包括放弃授权的声明。这个放弃授权的声明被考虑包含到本许可证的参考中，但仅仅关于放弃授权：该放弃授权声明的任何其他可能的含义是无效的，并对本许可证的含义不造成影响。

2. 原样复制

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
在提供本许可证和版权声明，同时在许可声明中指明文档及其所有副本均在本许可证保护下，并且不加入任何其他条件到文档的协议的前提下，你可以在任何媒体复制和发布该文档，不论是用于商业或非商业。你不可以对你 制作或发布 的副本进行技术处理以 妨碍或控制 阅读或再复制。不过，你可以为交换副本而接受他人给你的一些补偿。如果你发布的副本数量大到一定程度，你还必须看看下面的第3节。

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.
在与上述相同的情形下，你还可以出借文档副本和公开展示文档副本。

3. 大量发布

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
如果你发布了付印的文档副本(或使用其它一般有印有封皮的媒质的副本)数量超过100份，你必须把副本用清晰明了地印有文档的许可声明要求的封皮文字的封皮封装好，这些封皮文字包括封面文字和封底文字。封面和封底还都必须写明你是该副本的发布者。封面必须印上完整的书名，书名的每个字都必须同样地显著。你可以在封面添一些其它素材做为补充。在满足了遵循对封皮改动的限制、文档标题保护等这些条件下，副本在某方面上可以被视同原样复制的副本。

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
如果封面或封底必要的文字太多而导致看起来不清晰明了，那么你可以把优先的条目(尽量适合地)列在封面或封底，剩下的那些接在邻近的页面里。

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
如果你出版或分发不兼容的文档副本数量超过100份，那么，你要么随同每份不兼容副本带一份可机读的兼容副本，要么在每份不兼容副本里或随同该副本指明一个计算机网络的地址，让大部分使用网络的群众可以用通用网络通信协议到该处下载完全兼容的没有附加材料的文档副本。如果你采用后一种办法，你必须适当采取一些慎重的措施：当你开始大量发行不兼容副本时，要保证这些兼容副本在你(直接或通过你的代理商或零售商)发布最后一份对应版本的不兼容副本后至少一年在指定的地址可以访问到。

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
在你对文档副本进行大量再发布前取得与文档作者良好的联系，这虽然不是必须的，但是是有必要的，这样你就有机会得到他们提供的文档的最新版本。

旧帖不能编辑了，发新帖继续

chaisave

最初由 tyfrlj 发表
发现 substantial 有专利的含义

我认为 substantial 在这里并无“专利”的含义，而应该是表“数量或规模上的多和大”。原文中的那句话，要解释一下，就是，
如果把“红楼梦”三个字用 gimp 做成图片放在一篇文章之中，并无不妥，这篇文章仍然是“兼容的”。但是如果把《红楼梦》的前八十回和后四十回，全部都通过扫描或者其他方式转换成图片，那么这就不是“兼容的”，也就不再符合 GFDL 了。

比如超星的格式的图书就是“不兼容”的，希望您能再考虑一下。

tyfrlj

chaisave兄，你可以去找《英汉法学大词典》看看它对substantial的解释
偶根据下文（Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.）对图片格式的具体解释并结合《英汉法学大词典》对substantial的解释才这样翻译，我觉得应该是没错，你再考虑考虑呢？

chaisave

好吧，我没有《英汉法学大词典》大词典，过两天我再去外面查查。
不过“a substantial amount of” 的确是“大量的”意思。我保留我的意见。