Qmail系统的安装实例

solaris

这是去年我装qmail时所写的文档，应该没有什么问题。

关于qmail的安装

系统平台:
Redhat Linux 7.1
所需软件包:
qmail-1.03.tar.gz
ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz
daemontools-0.76.tar.gz
checkpassword-0.90.tar.gz
vpopmail-5.0.1.tar.gz
ezmlm-0.53.tar.gz
autorespond-2.0.2.tar.gz
qmailadmin-1.0.1.tar.gz
sqwebmail-3.3.1.tar.gz
vqsignup-0.5.tar.gz
安装步骤:
1.安装qmail
i安装前的准备工作
准备安装目录
   #mkdir /var/qmail
建立qmail的用户和组
On Solaris and Linux:
   # groupadd nofiles
   # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias alias
   # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmaild
   # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmaill
   # useradd -g nofiles -d /var/qmail qmailp
   # groupadd qmail
   # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmailq
   # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmailr
   # useradd -g qmail -d /var/qmail qmails
On FreeBSD 2.2:
   # pw groupadd nofiles
   # pw useradd alias -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias -s /nonexistent
   # pw useradd qmaild -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
   # pw useradd qmaill -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
   # pw useradd qmailp -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
   # pw groupadd qmail
   # pw useradd qmailq -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
   # pw useradd qmailr -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
   # pw useradd qmails -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /nonexistent
On AIX:
   # mkgroup -A nofiles
   # mkuser pgrp=nofiles home=/var/qmail/alias shell=/bin/true alias
   # mkuser pgrp=nofiles home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmaild
   # mkuser pgrp=nofiles home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmaill
   # mkuser pgrp=nofiles home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmailp
   # mkgroup -A qmail
   # mkuser pgrp=qmail home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmailq
   # mkuser pgrp=qmail home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmailr
   # mkuser pgrp=qmail home=/var/qmail shell=/bin/true qmails
安装:
#cp qmail-1.03.tar.gz /usr/local/src
#tar –zxvf  qmail-1.03.tar.gz
#cd qmail-1.03
#make setup check
#./config (如果主机名不在DNS中,运行#./config-fast hostname
建立邮件别名
#cd /var/qmail/alias
#touch .qmail-postmaster .qmail-mailer-daemon .qmail-root
#chmod 644 .qmail*
#echo ‘root’ > .qmail*
建立qmail启动文件并设置用户的Maildir
#cp /var/qmail/boot/home /var/qmail/rc
#chmod 755 /var/qmail/rc
#vi /var/qmail/rc
将./Mailbox改为./Maildir/
建立本用户的Maildir
/var/qmail/bin/maildirmake
echo ./Maildir/ >~/.qmail
chmod 700 ~/Maildir
为以后新建用户设置Maildir
/var/qmail/bin/maildirmake /etc/skel/Maildir
echo ./Maildir/>~/.qmail








安装ucspi-tcp
#cp ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz /usr/local/src
#tar –zxvf ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz
#cd /usr/local/src/ucspi-tcp-0.88
#make
#make setup check

安装daemontools
#mkdir –p /package
#chmod 1755 /package
#cp daemontools-0.76.tar.gz /package
#tar –zxvf daemontools-0.76.tar.gz
#cd daemontools-0.76
#/package/install
安装checkpassword
checkpassword 主要用于对/etc/passwd中的用户开放mail,如果采用虚拟域名则只需装vpopmail即可。
安装vpopmail
#groupadd vchkpw
#useradd –g vchkpw vpopmail
#mkdir ~vpopmail/etc
#echo “:allow” > ~vpopmail/etc/tcp.smtp
#./configure –enable-roaming-users=y –enable-default-domain=domain.com –enable-passwd=n (详细配置参考INSTALL文件或打./configure –help)
#make
#make install-strip
#crontab –e
40 * * * * /home/vpopmail/bin/clearopensmtp 2>&1 > /dev/null
#cd /home/vpopmail/bin
用vadddomain,vaddusers来添加虚拟域和虚拟用户。

删除所有sendmail文件和进程（尤其是进程，一定要删除，否则将占据端口）





建立系统别名
#cd /var/qmail/alias
#touch .qmail-postmaster .qmail-daemon .qmail-root
#chmod 644 .qmail*
#echo ‘root’ > .qmail*
建立Maildir
#cp /var/qmail/boot/home /var/qmail/rc
#chmod 755 /var/qmail/rc
#vi  /var/qmail/rc
修改最后一行，将./Mailbox改为./Maildir/
#/var/qmail/bin/maildirmake /etc/skel/Maildir
#echo ./Maildir/ >~/.qmail

建立qmailctl脚本
#vi /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl
#!/bin/sh
# For Red Hat chkconfig
# chkconfig: - 80 30
# description: the qmail MTA
PATH=/var/qmail/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
export PATH
QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`
NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting qmail"
if svok /service/qmail-send ; then
svc -u /service/qmail-send
else
echo qmail-send supervise not running
fi
if svok /service/qmail-smtpd ; then
svc -u /service/qmail-smtpd
else
echo qmail-smtpd supervise not running
fi
if [ -d /var/lock/subsys ]; then
touch /var/lock/subsys/qmail
fi
fi
if svok /service/qmail-pop3d ; then
svc -u /service/qmail-pop3d
else
echo qmail-pop3d supervise not running
fi
;;
stop)
echo "Stopping qmail..."
echo " qmail-smtpd"
svc -d /service/qmail-smtpd
echo " qmail-send"
svc -d /service/qmail-send
echo " qmail-pop3d"
svc -d /service/qmail-pop3d
if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/qmail ]; then
rm /var/lock/subsys/qmail
fi
;;
stat)
svstat /service/qmail-send
svstat /service/qmail-send/log
svstat /service/qmail-smtpd
svstat /service/qmail-smtpd/log
svstat /service/qmail-pop3d
svstat /service/qmail-pop3d/log
qmail-qstat
;;
doqueue|alrm|flush)
echo "Flushing timeout table and sending ALRM signal to qmail-send."
/var/qmail/bin/qmail-tcpok
svc -a /service/qmail-send
;;
queue)
qmail-qstat
qmail-qread
;;
reload|hup)
echo "Sending HUP signal to qmail-send."
svc -h /service/qmail-send
;;
pause)
echo "ausing qmail-send"
svc -p /service/qmail-send
echo "ausing qmail-smtpd"
svc -p /service/qmail-smtpd
echo "ausing qmail-pop3d"
svc -p /service/qmail-pop3d
;;
cont)
echo "Continuing qmail-send"
svc -c /service/qmail-send
echo "Continuing qmail-smtpd"
svc -c /service/qmail-smtpd
echo "Continuing qmail-pop3d"
svc -c /service/qmail-pop3d
;;
restart)
echo "Restarting qmail:"
echo "* Stopping qmail-smtpd."
svc -d /service/qmail-smtpd
echo "* Sending qmail-send SIGTERM and restarting."
svc -t /service/qmail-send
echo "* Restarting qmail-smtpd."
svc -u /service/qmail-smtpd
echo "* Restarting qmail-pop3d."
svc -u /service/qmail-pop3d
;;
cdb)
tcprules /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/tcp.smtp
chmod 644 /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb
echo "Reloaded /etc/tcp.smtp."
;;
help)
cat <<HELP
stop -- stops mail service (smtp connections refused, nothing goes out)
start -- starts mail service (smtp connection accepted, mail can go out)
pause -- temporarily stops mail service (connections accepted, nothing leaves)
cont -- continues paused mail service
stat -- displays status of mail service
cdb -- rebuild the tcpserver cdb file for smtp
restart -- stops and restarts smtp, sends qmail-send a TERM & restarts it
doqueue -- schedules queued messages for immediate delivery
reload -- sends qmail-send HUP, rereading locals and virtualdomains
queue -- shows status of queue
alrm -- same as doqueue
flush -- same as doqueue
hup -- same as reload
HELP
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|doqueue|flush|reload|stat|pause|cont|cdb|queue|help}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0

在启动目录中做好相应连接
ln -s /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl /etc/rc.d/init.d/qmail
ln -s ../init.d/qmail /etc/rc0.d/K30qmail
ln -s ../init.d/qmail /etc/rc1.d/K30qmail
ln -s ../init.d/qmail /etc/rc2.d/S80qmail
ln -s ../init.d/qmail /etc/rc3.d/S80qmail
ln -s ../init.d/qmail /etc/rc4.d/S80qmail
ln -s ../init.d/qmail /etc/rc5.d/S80qmail
ln -s ../init.d/qmail /etc/rc6.d/K30qmail

chmod 755 /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl
ln -s /var/qmail/bin/qmailctl /usr/bin

建立supervise脚本
mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log
mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log
mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/log

vi /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /var/qmail/rc

vi /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail

vi /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
#!/bin/sh
QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`
NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`
MAXSMTPD=`cat /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming`
if [ -z "$QMAILDUID" -o -z "$NOFILESGID" -o -z "$MAXSMTPD" ]; then
echo QMAILDUID, NOFILESGID, or MAXSMTPD is unset in
echo /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
exit 1
fi
exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 2000000 \
/usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -R -l 0 -x /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb -c "$MAXSMTPD" \
-u "$QMAILDUID" -g "$NOFILESGID" 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd 2>&1

vi /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail/smtpd

vi /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 2000000 \
/usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -R -H -l 0 0 110 /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup \
域名 /home/vpopmail/bin/vchkpw /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir 2>&1

Vi /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/log/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t \
/var/log/qmail/pop3d

chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run

mkdir -p /var/log/qmail/smtpd
chown qmaill /var/log/qmail /var/log/qmail/smtpd

ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd /service



vi /etc/tcp.smtp
“需要转发的IP地址”:allow,RELAYCLIENT=””
（用:allow则表示允许所有转发）
#qmailctl cdb
或＃tcprules /etc/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/tcp.smtp
    #chmod 644 /etc/tcp.smtp*


qmailadmin的安装（Web方式管理qmail）

安装ezmlm
＃make; make man; make setup
安装autorespond
#make; make install
安装qmailadmin
考虑几个条件：是否有vchkpw用户；cgi-bin目录位置，ezmlm目录和autorespond目录位置。
#./configure; make; make install-strip
http://mail.mydomain.com/cgi-bin/qmailadmin

Sqwebmail

#./configure -- without-authpam --without-authuserdb --enable-webpass=no /
--without-authpwd --without-authshadow
#make configure-check
#make
#make install-strip
#make install-configure
http://mail.mydomain.com/cgi-bin/sqwebmail

linuxsky

这么长啊
唉
老大。能不能有个安装脚本之类的？

solaris

只有运行脚本，不可能有安装脚本的
qmail的运行需要很多其他辅助包，如daemontools负责用svc服务开启关闭qmail，ucspi负责认证，qmailadmin负责web管理qmail之类的，所以非常复杂，但相比sendmail的配置来说还是简单的。
所以装qmail不要指望有./configure;make;make install三步曲。

北南南北

辛苦了solaris兄。
现在有了实例，弟兄们还得多多实践。

多谢solaris兄！！！

ckf

引用版主大作 所以装qmail不要指望有./configure;make;make install三步曲 )
安装如此麻烦,可能也是linux不能普及的原因吧!也是ms称霸的原因吧,何时有ms的方便,那就是linux兴起ms没落的时刻了,但愿那天早日到来,大家加油啊!

solaris

复杂性一直以来都是UNIX的特点，为了提高自己，我们也只有努力去克服困难，千万不要只图方便，象ms那样一直next下去，你知道此时它在做什么？

monkeyking

就是按照上面的安装方法，现在qmail可以正常使用了。但是sqwebmail总是提示invaild user or password，怎么回事？

hzbiz

真的好长啊！不过很有用呀。

Snoopy

最初由 ckf 发表
引用版主大作 所以装qmail不要指望有./configure;make;make install三步曲 )
安装如此麻烦,可能也是linux不能普及的原因吧!也是ms称霸的原因吧,何时有ms的方便,那就是linux兴起ms没落的时刻了,但愿那天早日到来,大家加油啊!

补丁什么的,编译什么的,都说得清清楚楚,还不肯搞下去 ?

难道要人做好给你 ? 嘻嘻